Abstract:As VSP uses surface shooting and well recei-ving,itsrecorded data avoids the influence of surface interferences and near-surface absorptions.On the other hand,geophones are closer to geological targets; they can acquire high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data with well-preserved frequency and amplitude.It can provide a data foundation for the study of high-steep structures,subtle faults,and thin sand bodies.First fault identification methods are studied based on VSP forward modeling and inversion.Then fault parameter calculation methods are determined for different VSP data such as zero-offsetVSP,offset VSP,Walkaway VSP,Walkaround VSP,and 3D VSP data.And the fault depth,inclination,strike,and fault throw are obtained.Our examples show that the proposed approach can identify subtle faults in complex geological areas,which are hardly detected on surface seismic and logging data.
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