|
|
|
| Development and tackling directions of seismic exploration technology for deep and ultra-deep marine carbonate rocks |
| LI Chuang1, HAN Linghe1,2, YANG Zhe1, YAN Lei3, FENG Chao1, WANG Zhenqing1 |
1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development_Northwest, PetroChina, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China;
2. National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China;
3. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract As Shunbei oil and gas area and Luntan 1 well in the Tarim Basin obtain industrial oil and gas flows at a depth of more than 8200 m， carbonate rock exploration is rapidly moving towards the deep and ultra-deep fields， posing a severe challenge to seismic exploration technology. This article mainly analyzes the research progress and problems faced in the theory of ultra-deep complex wave field seismic imaging. In terms of key technologies for predicting ultra-deep reservoirs， the current status of small fault identification through seismic data structure characterization and quantitative prediction methods for pore structure based on digital cores has been analyzed. From the perspective of geological exploration requirements， this paper proposes the development trend and key research directions of deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoir and fluid prediction technology， so as to provide a reference for the theoretical and technical research of marine carbonate rock seismic exploration， and the following understandings are obtained： ① For ultra-deep seismic data with low signal-to-noise ratios， Q-stack depth migration and TTI medium RTM technology have achieved certain results in carbonate reservoir imaging. The key research directions include interlayer multi-wave suppression based on wave theory， anisotropic Q-RTM， least squares Q-RTM， and anisotropic omnidirectional angle domain imaging technology. ② The seismic data-based prediction technology of deep and ultra-deep heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs has the problems of weak theoretical methods and low prediction accuracy， so it is urgent to strengthen the exploration of theoretical methods and technical breakthroughs. ③ The deep integration of seismic petrophysical experiment and reservoir geology， the refined seismic data-based prediction technology of sensitive reservoir properties based on the wave characteristics of two-phase media （frequency， dispersion， and attenuation）， artificially intelligent and quantitative prediction of carbonate reservoirs， and fluid detection technology are important development directions. The development trend of “reliable deep seismic data， multi-disciplinary and high-precision characterization of reservoirs， and deep learning artificial intelligence” is obvious.
|
|
Received: 10 March 2023
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [1] |
杨学文,田军,王清华,等.塔里木盆地超深层油气地质认识与有利勘探领域[J].中国石油勘探,2021,26(4):17-28.YANG Xuewen,TIAN Jun,WANG Qinghua,et al. Geological understanding and favorable exploration fields of ultra-deep formations in Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2021,26(4):17-28.
|
| [2] |
赵政璋,赵贤正,王英民,等.储层地震预测理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社, 2005.
|
| [3] |
杨海军,陈永权,田军,等.塔里木盆地轮探1井超深层油气勘探重大发现与意义[J].中国石油勘探,2020,25(2):62-72.YANG Haijun,CHEN Yongquan,TIAN Jun,et al.Great discovery and its significance of ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in well Luntan-1 of the Tarim Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020, 25(2):62- 72.
|
| [4] |
RÜGER A.Reflection Coefficients and Azimuthal AVO Analysis in Anisotropic Media[D].Colorado School of Mines,1996.
|
| [5] |
曾华会,苏勤,张光荣,等.宽频地震勘探技术在深层碳酸盐岩成像中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2022,57(增刊1):21-28.ZENG Huahui,SU Qin,ZHANG Guangrong,et al. Application of broadband seismic exploration technologies in deep carbonate imaging[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2022,57(S1):21-28.
|
| [6] |
WHITECOMBE D N.Elastic impedance normalization[J]. Geophysics,2002,67(1):60-62.
|
| [7] |
吴俊峰,姚姚,撒利明.碳酸盐岩特殊孔洞型构造地震响应特征分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):180-185.WU Junfeng,YAO Yao,SA Liming.Analysis on seismic response characteristics of special cavernous structure of carbonate[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(2):180-185.
|
| [8] |
孙东,张虎权,潘文庆,等.塔中地区碳酸盐岩洞穴型储集层波动方程正演模拟[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(1):44-46.SUN Dong,ZHANG Huquan,PAN Wenqing,et al.Wave equation forward modeling of carbonate cave reservoir in Tazhong area,Tarim basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2010,31(1):44-46.
|
| [9] |
王振卿,王宏斌,张虎权,等.分频波阻抗反演技术在塔中西部台内滩储层预测中的应用[J].天然气地球科学, 2014,25(11):1847-1854.WANG Zhenqing,WANG Hongbin,ZHANG Huquan, et al. Frequency division inversion for the intraplatform shoal reservoir[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(11):1847-1854.
|
| [10] |
田军,杨海军,朱永峰,等.塔里木盆地富满油田成藏地质条件及勘探开发关键技术[J].石油学报,2021,42(8):971-985.TIAN Jun,YANG Haijun,ZHU Yongfeng,et al.Geological conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation and key technologies for exploration and development in Fuman oilfield,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2021,42(8):971-985.
|
| [11] |
BERKHOUT A J, VERSCHUUR D J.Removal of internal multiples with the common-focus-point(CFP) approach:Part 1-Explanation of the theory[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):V45-V60.
|
| [12] |
CARVALHO F M,WEGLEIN A B,STOLT R H.Examples of a nonlinear inversion method based on the T matrix of scattering theory:application to multiple suppression[C]. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1991,10:1319-1322.
|
| [13] |
WEGLEIN A B, GASPAROTTO F A, CARVALHO P M, et al.An inverse-scattering series method for attenuating multiples in seismic reflection data[J].Geophysics,1997, 62(6):1975-1989.
|
| [14] |
金德刚,常旭,刘伊克.逆散射级数法预测层间多次波的算法改进及其策略[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1209-1217.JIN Degang,CHANG Xu,LIU Yike.Algorithm improvement and strategy of internal multiples prediction based on inverse scattering series method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(4):1209-1217.
|
| [15] |
毕丽飞,秦宁,李钟晓,等.应用逆散射级数波场预测和2D卷积盲分离压制层间多次波[J].石油地球物理勘探,2020, 55(3):521-529.BI Lifei,QIN Ning,LI Zhongxiao,et al.Wavefield prediction with inverse scattering series and 2D blind separation of convolved mixtures for suppressing internal multiples[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2020,55(3):521-529.
|
| [16] |
赵保宗,孙永清,李学聪.基于波动方程的多次波压制方法应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(1):272-281.ZHAO Baozong,SUN Yongqing,LI Xuecong.The progress of the multiple attenuation method based on the wave-equation[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2010,25(1):272-281.
|
| [17] |
VERSCHUUR D J,BERKHOUT A J.Removal of internal multiples with the common-focus-point(CFP) approach:Part 2-Application strategies and data examples[J]. Geophysics,2005,70(3):V61-V72.
|
| [18] |
王成祥,张关泉,刘超颖,等.速度模型反演的CFP方法[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(2):139-146.WANG Chengxiang,ZHANG Guanquan,LIU Chao- ying,et al.CFP method for velocity model inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(2):139-146.
|
| [19] |
李继伟,刘晓兵,周俊骅,等.基于能量比的Curvelet阈值迭代面波压制[J].石油地球物理勘探,2019,54(5):997-1004.LI Jiwei,LIU Xiaobing,ZHOU Junhua,et al.A Curvelet threshold iteration method based on energy ratio for surface-wave suppression[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2019,54(5):997-1004.
|
| [20] |
宋家文,陈小宏.基于地表数据分离的层间多次波压制[J].石油物探,2014,53(1):1-7.SONG Jiawen,CHEN Xiaohong.Internal multiple elimination based on surface data separation[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(1):1-7.
|
| [21] |
ZHANG L,SLOB E.Free-surface and internal multiple elimination in one step without adaptive subtraction[J]. Geophysics,2019,84(1):A7-A11.
|
| [22] |
王小卫,王孝,谢俊法,等.基于Marchenko理论压制自由表面多次波方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2021,64(5):1683-1689.WANG Xiaowei,WANG Xiao,XIE Junfa,et al.Research on suppressing free surface multiples based on Marchenko theory[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2021,64(5):1683-1689.
|
| [23] |
孙红日,王维红,石颖,等.基于Marchenko理论一步法压制层间多次波[J].地球物理学报,2021,64(9):3295-3303.SUN Hongri,WANG Weihong,SHI Ying,et al.Suppression of internal multiples based on Marchenko theory by one step[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2021,64(9):3295-3303.
|
| [24] |
张乐乐,邵婕,郑忆康,等.基于Marchenko理论的成像域与数据域层间多次波消除方法对比[J].地球物理学报,2022, 65(4):1416-1424.ZHANG Lele,SHAO Jie,ZHENG Yikang,et al.A comparison of imaging domain and data domain Marchenko multiple elimination schemes[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2022,65(4):1416-1424.
|
| [25] |
IKELLE L T. A construct of internal multiples from surface data only:the concept of virtual seismic events[J]. Geophysical Journal International,2006,164(2):383-393.
|
| [26] |
吴静,吴志强,胡天跃,等.基于构建虚同相轴压制地震层间多次波[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(3):985-994.WU Jing,WU Zhiqiang,HU Tianyue,et al.Seismic internal multiple attenuation based on constructing virtual events[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(3):985-994.
|
| [27] |
刘嘉辉,胡天跃,彭更新.自适应虚同相轴方法压制地震层间多次波[J].地球物理学报,2018,61(3):1196-1210.LIU Jiahui,HU Tianyue,PENG Gengxin.Suppressing seismic inter-bed multiples with the adaptive virtual events methods[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2018, 61(3):1196-1210.
|
| [28] |
崔永福,刘嘉辉,陈猛,等.虚同相轴方法及其在陆上地震层间多次波压制中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2019, 54(6):1228-1236,1245.CUI Yongfu,LIU Jiahui,CHEN Meng,et al.Land seismic peg-leg multiple attenuation with the virtual event method[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2019,54(6):1228-1236,1245.
|
| [29] |
MCMECHAN G A.Migration by extrapolation of time-dependent boundary values[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1983,31(3):413-420.
|
| [30] |
张晓波,宋鹏,刘保华,等.拟空间域弹性波方程交错网格有限差分逆时偏移[J].地球物理学报,2022,65(12):4816-4831.ZHANG Xiaobo,SONG Peng,LIU Baohua,et al.Reverse time migration of the pseudo-space-domain elastic wave equation based on staggered-grid finite-difference scheme[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2022,65(12):4816-4831.
|
| [31] |
张闪闪,谷丙洛,丁奕文,等.近似常Q模型的黏声各向异性纯qP波逆时偏移[J].地球物理学报,2022,65(10):4047-4062.ZHANG Shanshan,GU Bingluo,DING Yiwen,et al.Reverse time migration of viscoacoustic anisotropic pure qP-wave based on nearly constant Q model[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2022,65(10):4047-4062.
|
| [32] |
NEMETH T,WU C,SCHUSTER G T.Least-squares migration of incomplete reflection data[J].Geophysics,1999, 64(1):208-221.
|
| [33] |
KUEHL H, SACCHI M D.Generalized least-squares DSR migration using a common angle imaging condition[C]. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2001,30:1025-1028.
|
| [34] |
LI C, GAO J, WANG R, et al. Enhancing subsurface scatters using reflection-damped plane-wave least-squares reverse time migration[J].IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2019,17(4):706-710.
|
| [35] |
YANG J, LIU Y, LI Y E,et al.Joint least-squares reverse time migration of primary and prismatic waves[J].Geophysics, 2019,84(1):S29-S40.
|
| [36] |
TRAYNIN P,LIU J,REILLY J M. Amplitude and bandwidth recovery beneath gas zones using Kirchhoff prestack depth Q-migration[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2008,27:2412-2416.
|
| [37] |
曲英铭,李金丽,王云超,等.最小二乘逆时偏移中黏弹性和各向异性的校正:以渤海湾地区地震数据为例[J].地球物理学报,2019,62(6):2203-2216.QU Yingming,LI Jinli,WANG Yunchao,et al.Correction of viscoelasticity and anisotropy in least-squares reverse time migration:a Bohai Bay seismic case study[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2019,62(6):2203-2216.
|
| [38] |
王小杰,栾锡武,王延光,等.黏弹性介质叠前地震反演方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(3):544-555.WANG Xiaojie,LUAN Xiwu,WANG Yanguang,et al. Prestack seismic inversion of viscoelastic medium[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(3):544-555.
|
| [39] |
DVORKIN J,FANG Q,DERZHI N.Etudes in computational rock physics:Alterations and benchmarking[J].Geophysics, 2012,77(3):D45-D52.
|
| [40] |
SUN J,LIU X,WANG H.Improved numerical simulation of electrical properties of reservoir rocks using morphology[C].SPWLA 50th Annual Logging Symposium, 2009,SPWLA-2009-80919.
|
| [41] |
SUN J,JIANG L,LIU X.Anisotropic effective-medium modeling of the elastic properties of shaly sandstones[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2010,29:212-216.
|
| [42] |
JIANG L,SUN J,LIU X,et al.Study of different factors affecting the electrical properties of natural gas reservoir rocks based on digital cores[J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2011,8(2):366-371.
|
| [43] |
王海洋,孙赞东,CHAPMAN Mark.岩石中波传播速度频散与衰减[J].石油学报,2012,33(2):332-342.WANG Haiyang,SUN Zandong,CHAPMAN Mark. Velocity dispersion and attenuation of seismic wave propagation in rocks[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(2):332-342.
|
| [44] |
SUN Y. Pore structure effects on elastic wave propagation in rocks:AVO modelling[J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2004,1(4):268-276.
|
| [45] |
赵建国,潘建国,胡洋铭,等.基于数字岩心的碳酸盐岩孔隙结构对弹性性质的影响研究(上篇):图像处理与弹性模拟[J].地球物理学报,2021,64(2):656-669.ZHAO Jianguo,PAN Jianguo,HU Yangming,et al.Digital rock physics-based studies on effect of pore types on elastic properties of carbonate reservoir Part1:Imaging processing and elastic modelling[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2021,64(2):656-669.
|
| [46] |
云美厚,赵秋芳,李晓斌.地震分辨率思考与高分辨率勘探对策[J].石油地球物理勘探,2022,57(5):1250-1262.YUN Meihou,ZHAO Qiufang,LI Xiaobin.Thought about seismic resolution and countermeasures of high-resolution seismic exploration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2022, 57(5):1250-1262.
|
| [47] |
姜晓宇,宋涛,甘利灯,等.散射成像在小尺度缝洞体识别中的应用——以川中古隆起灯影组为例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2022,57(1):206-211.JIANG Xiaoyu,SONG Tao,GAN Lideng,et al.Application of scattering imaging in small-scale fracture cavity recognition:A case study of Dengying Formation in central Sichuan paleo-uplift[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2022,57(1):206-211.
|
| [48] |
李学贵,周英杰,董宏丽,等.基于双注意力U-Net网络的提高地震分辨率方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2023,58(3):507-517.LI Xuegui,ZHOU Yingjie,DONG Hongli,et al.Improving seismic resolution method based on dual-attention U-Net network[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2023,58(3):507-517.
|
|
|
|
2024, Vol. 59 
