Review and prospect of research on lacustrine carbonate rocks
LIU Zhen1,2, ZHANG Junhua1,2, WANG Jing1,2, YU Zhengjun3, SU Chaoguang3
1. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China; 3. Geophysical Research Institute, Shengli Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Dongying, Shandong 257022, China
Abstract：Oil and gas exploration in lacustrine carbonate rocks has been paid increasing attention to. Nevertheless, related research methods and results are still in a preliminary stage and lack systematic review. In this paper, the main progress in geolo-gical, logging, and geophysical research on lacustrine carbonate rocks in recent years is extensively investigated and systematically summarized, with the focus placed on the Jiyang Depression as an example. Then, the characteristics of lacustrine and marine carbonate rocks are compared to assess the prospect of research techniques and methods for lacustrine carbonate rocks. The observations are as follows: ①Research on geological theories about lacustrine carbonate rocks is still in its infancy, and a unified and proven scheme of sedimentary facies division remains to be developed at present; the main controlling factors for lacustrine carbo-nate rocks are paleoclimate, paleostructure, paleo-water medium condition, paleogeomorphology, and paleosource; the reservoir space can be divided into primary pores, secondary pores, and fractures, and the influencing factors are sedimentary environment, diagenesis, and tectonics. ②Lacustrine carbonate rocks have the logging facies characteristics of finger shape, circular arc shape, tooth shape, and U shape. At present, sedimentary microfacies are mainly used to identify reservoirs and analyze fluid properties. ③Seismic amplitude slices of lacustrine carbonate rocks often have typical beach core characteristics. The identification ability can be improved by frequency-division imaging and 90° phase shift. ④Lacustrine carbonate rocks are different from marine ones in many aspects, such as development age, spatial distribution, sedimentary facies characteristics, reservoir types and characteristics, and source rocks. The former developed in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic and was greatly affected by paleoclimate, while the latter developed in the Jurassic, Permian, Triassic, Ordovician, and Cambrian and was mainly under the influence of tides. ⑤Future prediction of lacustrine carbonate reservoirs should focus on faults and thin interbeds; sedimentary theories about lacustrine carbonate rocks are expected to undergo further development for a unified model of facies zone division to take shape; Deep learning methods based on big data analysis are an important future development direction.
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LIU Zhen, ZHANG Junhua, WANG Jing, YU Zhengjun, SU Chaoguang. Review and prospect of research on lacustrine carbonate rocks. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2022, 57(2): 487-497.
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