Yang Wuyang1,2, Zhang Houzhu3, Sa Liming4, Zhou Chunlei2, Wei Xinjian2
1. China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China;
2. Northwest Branch, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, China;
3. Houston, Texas, USA;
4. China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC), Beijing 100007, China
Abstract:Reverse time migration (RTM) is the most accurate migration method at the moment.We discuss in this paper RTM development strategy,key effectors affecting RTM and corresponding solutions based on some aspects such as RTM algorithms for anisotropic media,physical modeling,data preprocessing,velocity and anisotropic parameter modeling,imaging noise processing and amplitude preservation,and the relationship between full waveform inversion (FWI) and RTM.Then we point out the future development trend and research emphasis of RTM.Finally we consider that RTM research based on full waveform inversion may be an important direction for the future.
McMechan G A. Migration by extrapolation of time-dependent boundary values. Geophysical Prospecting,1983,31(3):413-420.
[2]
Whitmore N D. Iterative depth migration by back-ward time propagation. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1983,2:382-385.
[3]
Baysal E,Kosloff D D and Sherwood J W C. Reverse-time migration. Geophysics,1983,48(11):1514-1524.
[4]
Claerbout J F. Toward a unified theory of reflector mapping. Geophysics,1971,36(3):467-481.
[5]
Wang H Z,Xu Z T,Li W Z et al. A kind of practical 2D prestack depth reverse-time migration. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1998,17:1827-1830.
[6]
Liu F Q,Zhang G Q,Morton S A et al. Reverse-time migration using one way wavefield imaging condition. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2007,26:2170-2174.
[7]
Carcione J M. Fine layering and fractures:Effective seismic anisotropy//Seismic Exploration of Hydrocarbons in Heterogeneous Reservoirs:New Theories,Methods and Applications. Elsevier,Amsterdam,2015,77-155.
[8]
Alkhalifah T. An acoustic wave equation for aniso-tropic. Geophysics,2000,65(4):1239-1250.
[9]
Tsvankin I. Seismic Signatures and Analysis of Reflection Data in Anisotropic Media. Elsevier,Amsterdam,2001.
[10]
Zhou H,Zhang G and Bloor R. An anisotropic acoustic wave equation for modeling and migration in 2D TTI media. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2006,25:194-198.
[11]
Duveneck E,Milcik P and Bakker P. Acoustic VTI wave equations and their application for anisotropic reverse-time migration. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2008,27:2186-2190.
[12]
Zhang H and Zhang Y. Reverse time migration in vertical and tilted orthorhombic media. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2011,30:185-189.
[13]
Fletcher R P,Du X and Fowler P J. Reverse-time migration in tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) media. Geophysics,2009,74(6):WCA179-WCA187.
[14]
Chu C,Macy B and Anno A. Approximation of pure acoustic seismic wave propagation in TTI media.Geo-physics,2011,76(76):WB97-WB107.
[15]
Xu S and Zhou H. Efficient and accurate algorithm for quasi-P wave propagation. 76th EAGE Conference and Exhibition Extended Abstracts,2014,DOI:10.3997/2214-4609.20141166.
[16]
Zhang Q,Jiao J,Shirley F et al. Pure acoustic P-wave equation of motion in TTI and orthorhombic media. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2015,34:4023-4027.
[17]
Zhang H and Zhang Y. Reverse time migration in 3D heterogeneous TTI media. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2008,27:2196-2200.
[18]
Mittet R,Sollie R and Hokstad K. Prestack depth migration with compensation for absorption and dispersion. Geophysics,1995,60(5):1485-1494.
Yang Wuyang,Zhang Houzhu,Mao Jingen et al. Finite-difference migration with compensation for absorption,dispersion and transmission losses in seismic data. GPP,2003,42(3):285-288.
[20]
Zhang Y,Zhang P and Zhang H. Compensating for visco-acoustic effects in reverse time migration. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2010,29:3160-3164.
[21]
Bai J,Chen G,Yingst D et al. Attenuation compensation in viscoacoustic reverse-time migration. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2013,32:3825-3830.
[22]
Xie Y,Sun J,Zhang Y et al. Compensating for visco-acoustic effects in TTI reverse time migration. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2015,34:3996-4001.
[23]
Zhu X,Wallace K,Zhu Q et al. Scattering effect on shallow gas-obscured zone imaging in Bohai PL19-3 area. Geophysics,2012,77(2):B43-B53.
[24]
Wu R and Aki K. Scattering characteristics of elastic waves by an elastic heterogeneity. Geophysics,1985,50(4):582-595.
[25]
Valenciano A A and Chemingui N. Viscoacoustic imaging:tomographic Q estimation and migration compensation. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012,31:1-5.
[26]
Bao N and McMechan G A. Computational strategies and imaging conditions for elastic prestack reverse-time migration. The University of Texas at Dallas Geophysical Consortium,2015.
[27]
Stork C. Reflection tomography in the postmigrated domain. Geophysics,1992,57(5):680-692.
[28]
Tarantola A. Inversion of seismic reflection data in the acoustic approximation. Geophysics,1984,49(8):1259-1266.
[29]
Warner M and Guash L. Adaptive waveform inversion:Theory. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2014,33:1089-1093.
[30]
Warner M. Robust adaptive waveform inversion:Theory. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2015,34:1059-1063.
[31]
Liu Y,Dong L,Wang Y et al. Sensitivity kernels for seismic Fresnel volume tomography. Geophysics,2009,74(5):U35-U46.
[32]
Zhao L,Jordan T,Olsen K et al. Frechet kernels for imaging regional Earth structures based on three-dimensional reference models. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2005,95(6):2066-2080.
[33]
Luo Y and Schuster G T. Wave-equation traveltime inversion. Geophysics,1991,56(6):645-653.
[34]
Dahlen F A,Hung S H and Nolet G. Frechet kernels for finite-frequency traveltime-I:Theory. Geophysical Journal International,2000,141(1):157-174.
[35]
Zhao L,Jordan T and Chapman C H. Three-dimen-sional Frechet differential kernels for seismic delay times. Geophysical Journal International,2000,141(3):558-576.
[36]
Tromp J,Tape C and Liu Q. Seismic tomography,adjoint method,time reversal and banada-doughnut kernels. Geophysical Journal International,2005,160(1):195-216.
[37]
Xie X and Yang H. A wave-equation migration velocity analysis approach based on the finite-difference sensitivity kernel. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2008,26:3093-3097.
[38]
Bakker P M,Gerristen S,Cao Q et al. 3D RTM-based wave-path tomography:Theory and applications to synthetic and field data. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2015,34:5259-5264.
[39]
Thomsen L. Weak elastic anisotropy. Geophysics,1986,51(10):1954-1966.
[40]
Da Silva N,Ratcliffe A,Conroy G et al. A new parameterization for anisotropy update in full waveform inversion. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2014,33:1050-1055.
[41]
Yang Z,Huang S and Yan R. Improved subsalt tomography using RTM surface offset gathers. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2015,34:5254-5258.
[42]
Li Z,Tang B and Ji S. Subsalt illumination analysis using RTM 3D dip gathers. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012,31:1-6.
[43]
Duveneck E. A local dip filtering approach for removing noise from seismic depth images. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2015,34:4683-4687.
[44]
Xie X and Wu R. Extracting angle domain information from migrated field. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2002,31:1360-1363.
[45]
Xie X,Jin S and Wu R. Wave-equation based seismic illumination analysis. Geophysics,2006,71(5):S169-S177.
[46]
Cogan M,Fletcher R,King R et al. Normalization strategies for reverse time migration. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2011,30:3275-3279.
[47]
Chattopadhyay S and McMechan G A. Imaging conditions for prestack reverse time migration. Geophy-sics,2008,73(3):S81-S89.
[48]
Zhang H,Stein J and McMechan G. True-amplitude wave equation migration. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2003,22:913-916.
[49]
Zhang Y,Sun J. Practical issues of reverse time migration:True amplitude gathers, noise removal and harmonic-source encoding. Beijing 2009 International Geophysical Conference and Exposition, Beijing,2009,204.
[50]
Du Q,Fang G,Gong X et al. Wave-propagation operators for true-amplitude reverse-time migration//Seismic Exploration of Hydrocarbons in Heterogeneous Reservoirs:New Theories,Methods and Applications. Elsevier,Amsterdam,2015,206-252.
Sa Liming,Yang Wuyang,Yao Fengchang et al. Past,present and future of geophysical inversion. OGP,2015,50(1):184-201.
[54]
Zhu H,Luo Y,Nissen-Meyer T et al. Elastic imaging and time-lapse migration based on adjoint methods. Geophysics,2009,74(6):WCA167-WCA177.
[55]
Douma H,Yingst D,Vasconcelos I et al. On the connection between artifact filtering in reverser-time migration and adjoint tomography. Geophysics,2010,75(6):S219-S223.
[56]
Wu Z and Alkhalifah T. Full waveform inversion based on scattering angle enrichment with application to real dataset. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2015, 34:1258-1262.
[57]
Whitmore N D and Crawley S. Application of RTM inverse imaging conditions. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012,31:1-6.
[58]
Whitmore N D,Crawley S,Zhu C et al. Dynamic angle and azimuth decomposition of RTM images. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2014,33:3801-3805.